“Overcoming Uphill Challenges for the New Generation Entrepreneurs” final cheat sheet

Cybersecurity

IP-based Networks

• The circuit-switched network: 先建立連線，不會更換路徑
• The packet-switched network: 可更換路徑

LAN, WAN & Others

• LAN: local area network
• WAN: wide area network
• Router: connects LANs to a WAN
• WLAN: wireless local area network
• 5G impact: no need of routers, all to WAN

Internet and WWW

Cyberspace

A world of information through the Internet.

Cybersecurity

• The protection of internet-connected systems
• Online e-commerce platforms, IoT, AI, cloud security

Cybersecurity & Network Security

Malware

• Malicious Software
• Spyware
• Viruses
• Worms
• Trojan horse
• Exploit kits
• Botnet
• Ransomware(勒索軟體)
  • Telecom & Technology
  • Education
  • Finance
• Adware

Denial-of-Service Attack (DoS)

• Flooding the targeted machine
• Distributed denial-of-service: from many different sources

Web Application Threats

• SQL Injections
• Cross-Site Scripting
• Buffer Overflows

SSL Encrypted Threat

• Encrypted internet traffic makes network security tools blind to application traffic

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)

• Continuous, stealthy and sophisticated hacking techniques to gain access and stays there undetected
• To steal data

Zero-day

• A hole in software that is unknown to the vendor

Watering Hole attack

• Infecting the website to infect the user of the website

Drive by download attack

• Innocent websites covertly install malicious code on the unprotected computers of visitors

DBIR

• Data Breach Investigations Report

Top Security and Risk Trends

• Cybersecurity mesh
• Cyber-savvy boards
• Vendor consolidation
• Identity-first security
• Managing machine identities as a critical security capability
• Remote working is now just work
• Breach and attack simulation
• Privacy-enhancing computation techniques

Political Factors

• GDPR: 歐盟資料保護法
• GDPR 適足性認定
• 台灣資通安全管理法
• 行政院數位發展部與資通安全署

AI & Big Data

Data Generated, Data Stored, Data Processing, Actionable Insights

Data Accumulation

• Outbreak of COVID-19: online content consumption nearly doubled

APACHE hadoop

• resource manager (yarn)
• data storage layer (HDFS)
• compute paradigm (MapReduce)

Big data

• High-volume, high-velocity, and high-variety information
• Cost-effective, enhance insight, decision making and process automation
• ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) vs ELT (Extract, Load, Transform)

Big 4

• aws
• Azure
• Google Cloud
• Alibaba Cloud

AI

• Automation & Intelligence
• Deep learning
• Big data
• GPU

Types of AI

• Artificial Narrow Intelligence: chatbot, SIRI, …
• Artificial General Intelligence: self-driving car
• Artificial Super Intelligence: smarter than human

ML algorithms

• Unsupervised Learning
• Supervised Learning
• Reinforcement Learning

ML

• GAN: generative adversarial network
• CNN: convolutional nerual network
• Capsule Network: capsules rather than neurons

Classical NLP vs Deep Learning NLP

• Word2Vec
• ELMo
• BERT
• NLP models:
  • GPT-3 $12M for training
  • SuperGLUE: 新的 NLP 評估基準

5 AI Tools

• Writesonic: 英文作文程度
• Wordsmith: 將數據轉換為敘述
• AI Writer: 行銷用寫作
• QuillBot: 刪除贅字
• Article Forage: 生產文章

Federated Learning

• Proposed by Google, protect user privacy
• Database send encrypted gradients to server, server send back model updates

Small Data

• Transfer learning
• Synthetic data generation
• Few-shot learning, Collective learning

Value gains from AI

• Small company: save people
• Big company: generate products

Top 10 emerging areas by investment

• Fin Tech
• AI
• Digital Health
• Med. Devices
• eCommerce
• Cybersecurity
• Supply Chain Tech
• Real Estate Tech
• IoT
• Insurance Tech

AI chips

• GPU
• FPGA
• ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)
• NPU (Neuromorphic Processing Unit)
• 第三代半導體 GaN, SiC
• Graphcore: IPU

IoT

Origins

• M2M & RFID
• Analyzing and reading data from objects
• Internet of things to Internet of everything

The third wave

1. Internet
2. Application
3. Internet of everything

3P

• Partnership
• Policy
• Perseverance

Top Strategic Technology Trends

IIoT, OT, Industry 4.0

• CPS: Cyber-Physical Systems
• OT: operational technology

IoT

• Manufacturing
• Consumer
• Transportation
• Utilities

AI & IoT

AI

• Data gathering
• Modeling
• Taking a decision

IoT

• sensors

Barriers of Adoption of IoT

• Security
• IT/OT integration
• Unclear ROI (return on investment)
• Technical expertise
• Interoperability
• Data portability
• Vendor risk

Security of IoT

• Costs of sensitive data breaches are very high, especially in healthcare

4 layers

• Device
• Communication
• Cloud
• Lifecycle

Hardware Security

• Device Identity: Hardware Security Model, Physical Unclonable Function, Trusted Platform Module
• Coupling PKI
• Physical security

Edge Computing

• Compute on IoT device
• Fog computing

Tiny Machine Learning

• Running ML on micro controllers

5G: next generation wireless system

• Speed: 700-3025 Mbps
• Latency: 1ms
• Connection Density: 1M devices/km^2

10 IoT trends

• Security
• Manufacturing
• Big data, Analytics and ML
• Healthcare Spearheads IoT Adoption
• Better Workforce
• Smart Cities
• Cloud Vendors
• Customer Service
• Developers with IoT Milestones
• Smart Stores

Taiwan IoT Industry

• The rise of IoT semiconductors
• MCUs
• Connectivity Chipsets
• AI Chipsets
• Security Chipsets

Biotech

Biotech

• Early Phase research: 4-6 years
• Pre Clinical: 1 year
• Clinical trial: 6-7 years
• Registrating: 1-2 years
• Post Marketing Surveillance: continuous

Applications

• Agriculture
• Health Care
• Environment
• Industry

Digital Health

Drivers

• Economic
• Demographic
• Technological

The future health care ecosystem

• Improved patient experience
• Improved health of populations
• Reduced costs

COVID-19

• digital health products for mental health
• Telehealth

Future-state Health Care Delivery Models

• Virtual
• Home
• Workplaces or schools
• Hospitals and overnight care
• Clinics and same day care
• Retail stores
• Community

Blockchain

• Health data security
• Pharma supply chain
• Medical record interoperability
• Reimbursement

Interoperability 互通性

• Unified Women Healthcare
• United Health Group: Change Healthcare

Virtual Care & Remote Patient Monitoring

• Care is designed around people, not place
• CloudMD

Biotechnology

Definition

The application of science & technology to living organisms as well as parts, products and models, to alter living or non-living materials for the production of knowledge, goods and services

Trends

• Changing: from living cells, genetic makeup
• Contract Research Organization
• Contract Manufacture Organization
• Anti-aging

Chemical & Biological

Cell Therapy

• Stem cell therapy
• Immune cell therapy

Next generation therapy

• Adoptive cell transfer: CAR-T
• Monoclonal antibody
• Gene therapy
• Cancer vaccines

Stem Cells

• Hematopoietic Stem Cell: 造血幹細胞
• Mesenchymal Stem Cell: 間質幹細胞
• Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell: 誘導性多功能幹細胞

CRISPR & RNA

• CRISPR
• mRNA: messenger RNA

Precision Medicine

• Big data
• Analytic
• Therapy

Medical Devices

Definition

An instrument which is,

• Intended for use in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease
• Intended to affect the structure or function of the body through non-chemical methods

Small quantity, big variety

FDA Medical Device Classes

• Class I: no regulation
• Class II: warning
• Class III: warning, needs PreMarket Approval

Regulatory Flexibility during covid-19

• Emergency Use Authorization (EUA): stop after the emergency situation
• The Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act

Products

• Consumables
• Diagnostic imaging
• Dental products
• Orthopedic and Prosthetic
• Patient Aids
• Others

Trends

• Increased use of AI
• Wearable Healthcare devices
• IoT

3D Biological Printing Technology

• Particle 3D

Neurotechnology

• Neuralink

AR & VR

In Vitro Diagnostics (IVD)

Liquid Biopsy

• Tempus

Internet of Medical Things

• Digital Twin (Telehealth by IoMT)

Software as a Medical Device

• SaMD input
• SaMD analysis
• SaMD output

CQOE

• Product quality
• Patient safety
• Clinical responsibility
• Cybersecurity responsibility
• Proactive culture

Special Purpose Acquisition Company

• Without IPO
• 2021, medical device companies went public by SPAC

COVID-19 Medical Devices

• Personal Protective Equipment
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Political Factors

• use real word data
• IMDRF 國際醫療器械監管機構論壇

APP

COVID-19 Impact

• +20% hours on phone

APP addiction

• 18-34 years old
• Delete APP due to lack of use
• Fear of Missing Out

APP Income

• Game
• Dating
• Video Streams

APP Trends

• AI
• AR
• IoT
• Wearable Device
• Instant APPs
• Mobile Wallets
• Biometric Authentication
• Cloud-based
• 5G
• Foldable
• Beacons
• Blockchain
• Superior APP security

Modbile Ad Pricing

• Performance-based pricing

SaaS

• 1995~
• Subscription
• Infrastructure with software
• SaaS -> Subscriptions -> Customer Success

5 C’s

• CARR/ARR: committed annual recurring revenue
• CAC Payback: customer acquisition cost
• Churn: logo
• CLTV: customer lifetime value
• Cash flow: burn rate